The Unified Structure and Theoretical Closure of the Nakaza New Relativity Theory

The origin of the Nakaza New Relativity Theory (NNRT) appears in the author’s 2015 English-language paper, which called for a complete separation of the physical roles of the Galilean transformation (GT) and the Lorentz transformation (LT). Partial elements of NNRT were subsequently presented in several Japanese papers, and its overall structure was assembled in a 363-page Japanese monograph published in 2023. An English paper published in the same year may be regarded as an international summary of that structure. Taking the 2023 English paper as its foundation, the present study restates the full architecture of NNRT and integrates the subsequent investigations that led to the present formulation. The arguments concerning special relativity, general relativity, phase universality, the observation map, real motion, and observational spacetime are reconstructed as a single non-circular logical chain. The most important point of NNRT is that universal spacetime is not posited as an entity discovered by observation, nor as a background containing an absolute rest frame. It is defined instead as a physical standard of time and space applied identically to every inertial frame. This standard implements the relativity principle in real motion and yields the GT. Because the GT can transfer every inertial observer to a representation of mutual rest, the physical law of real motion need only be defined as the local process by which an infinitesimal relative velocity arises from rest. Newton’s law of motion is thereby restored as the fundamental law of real motion, whereas the relativistic law of motion at finite velocity is reassigned to observational spacetime constructed through electromagnetic measurement. Mutual observation mediated by electromagnetic waves is described by an observation map 𝛷. Under phase universality and preservation of the characteristic structure of Maxwell’s equations, this map leads to a Lorentz type observational transformation, the simultaneous shift of frequency and wave number, and the observational invariance of the speed of light. In a gravitational field, the relativistic metric is not identified with a deformation of real spacetime; it is assigned to the observational metric 𝑔𝜇𝜈obs that unifies relations among clocks, phase, frequency, wave number, ranging, propagation time, light paths, and observed motion. The Einstein equation and its solutions are inherited in full as the mathematics of 𝑔𝜇𝜈obs. NNRT is not an independent numerical theory that excludes conventional relativity. It is a revolution in physical interpretation that removes relativistic spacetime from physical reality and transfers relativistic mathematics to observational spacetime constructed with reference to a universal spacetime standard. NNRT further judges the interpretation of four-dimensional contraction in special relativity and four-dimensional curvature in general relativity as the form of real spacetime to be the greatest physical error introduced by Einstein into the history of physics, while sharply separating that error from the correctness of relativistic mathematics. The audit presented here confirms that this transformation is not a change of terminology but a closed theoretical structure supported by mathematical continuity. GPS and airborne atomic clocks are treated with exactly the same Schwarzschild observational metric. The circular-motion term is interpreted not as real time dilation caused by uniform rectilinear motion but as an observational clock-rate effect of gravity and rotational or centripetal acceleration. The paper also outlines how black-hole physics, gravitational-wave observation, cosmology, quantum theory, and quantum gravity may be reconstructed once physics is released from the ontology of an expanding, contracting, and curved real spacetime.

File1 in English

File2 in Japaneses